You can’t really miss it—Florence’s cathedral (Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore) dominates the skyline with that massive red-brick dome. Construction began in the 13th century and continued for nearly 150 years, which is evident in the diverse styles. The outside is covered in pink, green and white marble—oddly beautiful up close. Inside, check out Vasari’s Last Judgment fresco under the dome. If you’re up for the climb (and it is quite a climb), the view from the top is worth the leg burn.

Welcome to a world of history from a military point of view. At the Halland's Military History Museum, you find historical objects, uniforms, weapons, local and global stories, as well as human destinies.

The largest of the Tuscan islands, Elba is best known as the place Napoleon was exiled to in 1814—but its history goes much deeper, with Etruscan and Roman roots. These days, people come for the clear water, quiet coves, and easygoing beach towns. There’s good hiking inland, a few thermal baths, and some surprisingly interesting museums about Napoleon’s stay. Ferries run from Piombino, and once you’re there, a car makes it much easier to get around.