This upland inside the Old City hosts places of worship for Jews (who call it Temple Mount, "Har HaBáyit") and Muslims (for whom the place is named Noble Sanctuary, "Haram esh-Sharif"). It was also the scene of events narrated in the Gospels, and its intense atmosphere can captivate everyone. Along with the Western Wall, the Dome of the Rock, and the Al-Aqsa Mosque, here you will find the smaller Dome of the Chain and four Minarets. The Sanctuary is enclosed in walls built by Herod the Great 2,000 years ago. Of the eleven gates, only one is open to non-Muslim visitors: the Mughrabi Gate, which is guarded by a security check. It's important to dress modestly when visiting the Temple Mount / Noble Sanctuary. Visitors should cover their legs and shoulders and bring a cap.

The Sethi Mohallah area within the walls of Peshawar's old town contains rare examples of Central Asian-inspired architecture, constructed by the once prosperous trader family. The intricate woodwork and carvings, along with ornamental interiors and stained glass windows and ceilings, make for a fascinating look around. Keep in mind that most houses are now privately owned.

The second biggest castle in Britain (after Windsor), it was built in the late 13th century to secure the area against Welsh attacks from the north. The castle is one of the greatest examples of medieval military architecture displaying an enormous array of defensive structures such as high towers, large moats and barbicans. It is located 15 minutes by train from Cardiff.